Signs and symptoms of bipolar disorder

Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition characterized by significant mood swings, including emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). Here are the signs and symptoms associated with each phase:

### Manic or Hypomanic Episode

**Mania** is more severe than **hypomania** and can cause significant impairment. Symptoms include:

- **Increased Energy**: Feeling unusually energetic, restless, or hyperactive.

- **Elevated Mood**: An overly happy or irritable mood that lasts for an extended period.

- **Racing Thoughts**: Rapid speech or thoughts that jump from one idea to another.

- **Decreased Need for Sleep**: Feeling rested after only a few hours of sleep.

- **Impulsive Behavior**: Engaging in risky activities, such as spending sprees, substance abuse, or reckless driving.

- **Grandiosity**: Having an inflated sense of self-esteem or belief in one's abilities.

### Depressive Episode

Symptoms during a depressive phase may include:

- **Persistent Sadness**: Feeling sad, empty, or hopeless for a long time.

- **Loss of Interest**: Diminished interest in activities once enjoyed, including social interactions.

- **Fatigue**: Extreme tiredness or lack of energy, even with adequate rest.

- **Changes in Sleep**: Insomnia or sleeping too much.

- **Difficulty Concentrating**: Trouble making decisions or focusing on tasks.

- **Feelings of Worthlessness**: Experiencing excessive guilt or feeling worthless.

- **Thoughts of Death**: Recurrent thoughts of death or suicidal ideation.

### Mixed Features

Some individuals may experience symptoms of both mania and depression simultaneously, which can be particularly distressing.

If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of bipolar disorder, it's essential to seek professional help for accurate diagnosis and treatment options.

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